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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q284-Q289):

NEW QUESTION # 284
Your company, Encryptor Corp, is developing a new application that will handle highly sensitive user information. As a cybersecurity specialist, you want to ensure this data is securely stored. The development team proposes a method where data is hashed and then encrypted before storage. However, you want an added layer of security to verify the integrity of the data upon retrieval. Which of the following cryptographic concepts should you propose to the team?

A. Suggest using salt with hashing.
B. a digital signature mechanism.
C. Switch to elliptic curve cryptography.
D. Implement a block cipher mode of operation.

Answer: B

Explanation:
A digital signature mechanism is a cryptographic concept that you should propose to the team to verify the integrity of the data upon retrieval. A digital signature mechanism works as follows:
* A digital signature is a mathematical scheme that allows the sender of a message to sign the message with their private key, and allows the receiver of the message to verify the signature with the sender's public key. A digital signature provides two security services: authentication and non- repudiation. Authentication means that the receiver can confirm the identity of the sender, and non- repudiation means that the sender cannot deny sending the message12.
* A digital signature mechanism consists of three algorithms: key generation, signing, and verification.
Key generation produces a pair of keys: a private key for the sender and a public key for the receiver.
Signing takes the message and the private key as inputs, and outputs a signature. Verification takes the message, the signature, and the public key as inputs, and outputs a boolean value indicating whether the signature is valid or not12.
* A digital signature mechanism can be implemented using various cryptographic techniques, such as hash-based signatures, RSA signatures, or elliptic curve signatures. A common method is to use a hash function to compress the message into a fixed-length digest, and then use an asymmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the digest with the private key. The encrypted digest is the signature, which can be decrypted with the public key and compared with the hash of the message to verify the integrity12.
A digital signature mechanism can ensure the integrity of the data upon retrieval, because:
* A digital signature is unique to the message and the sender, and it cannot be forged or altered by anyone else. If the message or the signature is modified in any way, the verification will fail and the receiver will know that the data is corrupted or tampered with12.
* A digital signature is independent of the encryption or hashing of the data, and it can be applied to any type of data, regardless of its format or size. The encryption or hashing of the data can provide confidentiality and efficiency, but they cannot provide integrity or authentication by themselves. A digital signature can complement the encryption or hashing of the data by providing an additional layer of security12.
The other options are not as suitable as option B for the following reasons:
* A. Implement a block cipher mode of operation: This option is not relevant because it does not address the integrity verification issue, but the encryption issue. A block cipher mode of operation is a method of applying a block cipher, which is a symmetric encryption algorithm that operates on fixed-length blocks of data, to a variable-length message. A block cipher mode of operation can provide different security properties, such as confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity, depending on the mode. However, a block cipher mode of operation cannot provide a digital signature, which is a form of asymmetric encryption that uses a pair of keys3 .
* C. Suggest using salt with hashing: This option is not sufficient because it does not provide a digital signature, but only a hash value. Salt is a random value that is added to the input of a hash function, which is a one-way function that maps any data to a fixed-length digest. Salt can enhance the security of hashing by making it harder to perform brute-force attacks or dictionary attacks, which are methods of finding the input that produces a given hash value. However, salt cannot provide a digital signature, which is a two-way function that uses a pair of keys to sign and verify a message .
* D. Switch to elliptic curve cryptography: This option is not specific because it does not specify a digital signature mechanism, but only a type of cryptography. Elliptic curve cryptography is a branch of cryptography that uses mathematical curves to generate keys and perform operations. Elliptic curve cryptography can be used to implement various cryptographic techniques, such as encryption, hashing, or digital signatures. However, elliptic curve cryptography is not a digital signature mechanism by itself, but rather a tool that can be used to create one .
References:
* 1: Digital signature - Wikipedia
* 2: Digital Signature: What It Is and How It Works | Kaspersky
* 3: Block cipher mode of operation - Wikipedia
* : Block Cipher Modes of Operation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
* : Salt (cryptography) - Wikipedia
* : What is Salt in Cryptography? | Cloudflare
* : Elliptic-curve cryptography - Wikipedia
* : Elliptic Curve Cryptography: What It Is and How It Works | Kaspersky

NEW QUESTION # 285
Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?

A. Brute force
B. Shoulder surfing
C. Rainbow tables
D. Dictionary attack

Answer: A

Explanation:
Brute-force attack when an attacker uses a set of predefined values to attack a target and analyze the response until he succeeds. Success depends on the set of predefined values. It will take more time if it is larger, but there is a better probability of success. In a traditional brute-force attack, the passcode or password is incrementally increased by one letter/number each time until the right passcode/password is found.

NEW QUESTION # 286
When considering how an attacker may exploit a web server, what is web server footprinting?

A. When an attacker uses a brute-force attack to crack a web-server password
B. When an attacker implements a vulnerability scanner to identify weaknesses
C. When an attacker gathers system-level data, including account details and server names
D. When an attacker creates a complete profile of the site's external links and file structures

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 287
What would be the fastest way to perform content enumeration on a given web server by using the Gobuster tool?

A. Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and random file extensions
B. Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads
C. Shipping SSL certificate verification
D. Performing content enumeration using a wordlist

Answer: D

Explanation:
Analyze Web Applications: Identify Files and Directories - enumerate applications, as well as hidden directories and files of the web application hosted on the web server. Tools such as #Gobuster is directory scanner that allows attackers to perform fast-paced enumeration of hidden files and directories of a target web application. # gobuster -u <target URL> -w common.txt (wordlist) (P.1849/1833)

NEW QUESTION # 288
#!/usr/bin/python import socket buffer=[""A""] counter=50 while len(buffer)<=100: buffer.append (""A""
*counter)
counter=counter+50 commands= [""HELP"",""STATS ."",""RTIME ."",""LTIME. "",""SRUN ."',""TRUN
."",""GMON
."",""GDOG ."",""KSTET .",""GTER ."",""HTER ."", ""LTER .",""KSTAN .""] for command in commands: for buffstring in buffer: print ""Exploiting"" +command +"":""+str(len(buffstring)) s=socket.socket(socket.
AF_INET,
socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999)) s.recv(50) s.send(command+buffstring) s.close() What is the code written for?

A. Bruteforce
B. Buffer Overflow
C. Encryption
D. Denial-of-service (DOS)

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 289
......

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